Linking Words and Phrases
EN Study
Text organizers - This term covers a wide range of words and phrases which make text easier to understand.
Adding a point
- As well as (kromě, vedle) the obvious dangers, there was the weather to be considered.
- In addition to (navíc k) the obvious dangers, there was the weather to be considered.
- Not only (nejen..., ale také) were there the obvious dangers, but there was also the weather to be considered.
Developing a point
- Besides (kromě toho) / Furthermore (dále) / In Addition (navíc) / Indeed (vskutku, opravdu) / Moreover (navíc) / What's more (co víc) / On top of that (navíc k tomu) / To make matters worse (a co hůř), smoking has been directly linked to lung cancer.
- I quite often see Paula. In fact / As a matter of fact, she came round to see me yesterday. (vlastně, ve skutečnosti)
Explaining a point
- The excercise rate decreases in proportion to age. To put it another way (jinými slovy), the older you are, the less exercise you tend to take.
Contrast
- However (nicméně) / Nevertheless (přesto) / Nonetheless (nicméně) / All the same (přesto, i tak) / Although (ačkoliv) / Though (ačkoliv) / While (zatímco) / Even though (i když) / Despite the fact that (navzdory skutečnosti, že) / On the contrary (naopak) / Whereas (zatímco) / In contrast (na rozdíl od) / As opposed to (na rozdíl od) / On the one hand,..., but on the other hand (na jednu stranu,..., ale na druhou stranu) / On the other hand (na druhou stranu)
- The identity of the attacker is known. However, the police are not releasing any details at the moment.
- I prefer city life as opposed to country life.
Explaining reasons
- The government does not intend to cause any further provocation. As a result (v důsledku toho) / Accordingly (v souladu s tím) / Thus (takže) / Hence (proto) /Consequently (následkem toho) / For that reason (z tohoto důvodu), all troops have been withdrawn.
- The employers have promised to investigate these complaints, and we in turn (na oplátku) have agreed to end the strike.
- Owing to (kvůli) the bad weather, the match has been postponed.
Making generalizations
- Broadly speaking / Generally speaking / By and large / On the whole / To a large (obecně řečeno)
- Broadly speaking, the economy is in good shape.
Starting
- For a start (na začátek) / First of all (především) / In the first place (v první řadě) / For one thing (zaprvé, z jednoho důvodu) / To start with (na začátek)
- That's absolut rubbish. For a start, the figures are completely wrong....
- Incidentally / By the way (mimochodem)
- She then turned to Henry, who incidentally/by the way is now about two metres tall, and said...
- By the way/Incidentally, do you remember an old friend of ours called Ransom?
Concession / qualification (ústupek / výhrada)
- Having said that / Even so / All the same (nicméně, i tak, stejně, přesto)
- OK, so you two have had a few problems. Even so, I don't see why you need to split up.
- Dobře, takže vy dva jste měli několik problémů. I tak nechápu, proč se musíte rozejít.
- Lancaster is a man of great personal integrity. Having said that, I don't think he's the right person for the job.
- Lancaster je člověk s velkou osobní integritou. Nicméně, nemyslím si, že je tím správným člověkem pro tuto práci.
- Anyway / At any rate / At least (každopádně, alespoň)
- The economic outlook is improving. Anyway, it is beginning to show signs of doing so.
Giving a personal opinion
- To be (perfectly) honest,... / To tell the truth,... (abych byl upřímný / abych řekl pravdu)
- What did you think of the film? To be honest, I didn't like it very much.